Application of rice "three fertilizers" to prevent fertilizer damage

Scientific fertilization is one of the important means to increase rice yield and benefits. However, in the production practice, due to the poor grasp of fertilization techniques, rice is often caused by fertilizer damage, and some of its symptoms are stagnant or stagnant growth; some of the seedlings are prosperous and ineffective. Some of the seedlings grow shade and cause diseases such as sheath blight or rice blast. In rice fields where fertilizers have been harmed, lighter ones have caused a reduction in production, and in severe cases, seedlings have been ploughed and replanted.

In order to give full play to the fertilizing effect of rice, in addition to the application of base fertilizer, it is necessary to apply “three fertilizers”, ie, sub-fertilizer, panicle fertilizer, and grain fertilizer, to topdressing. Rice fertilization should be considered and applied flexibly according to varieties of characteristics, soil fertility, climatic factors, and cultivation conditions. Fertilizer demand of rice is reflected in the nutritional period, the critical period of nutrition, and the period of maximum nutrient efficiency. If the growth period of the early rice is short, the amount of fertilizer needed is relatively small, and the fertilization should be concentrated early. If the mid-season rice and late rice have a long growing period, if the amount of fertilizer is large and the intensity is high, the number of topdressing shall be increased and the ratio of topdressing shall be increased. The critical period of nitrogen, phosphorus, and fertilizer nutrition in rice generally occurs in the three-leaf stage, and sometimes the critical period of nitrogen and potassium nutrition also appears in the spikelet differentiation and young ear formation period. The maximum nutrient efficiency of rice appears in the prosperous stage, which is the most vigorous stage of vegetative and reproductive growth, and it is also a critical period for fertilization.

According to the study, for every 100 kilograms of rice produced, approximately 1.6-2.5 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, is absorbed from the soil. 0.8-1.2 kg, potassium 2.1-3.0 kg. The ratio of the three elements is 2:1:3.

After understanding the rules and characteristics of rice fertilizer, reasonable fertilizer should be applied in stages.

First, early application of fertilizer. From the transplanting to the young spikes, the top dressing before the differentiation is called tillering. The tiller fertilizer requires early application and sufficient quantity. Generally, the amount of fertilizer used is 50-60% of the total amount of topdressing fertilizer. Because the tillering period is the first peak period for rice to absorb nitrogen nutrition in its life, and because the temperature, water temperature, and soil temperature are low in the early stage of rice growth, the release of nutrients is slow, and the amount of topdressing is too small to meet the needs of rice for nutrients. Only early application will benefit rice early delivery and more labor, reduce the birthing node, and create conditions for competition for ear length and grain weight. The tillering fertilizer is applied 7-10 days after the rice is planted, and 5-7 kg of urea is applied per acre. Insufficient base fertilizer can be appropriately increased, but you can't blindly over-fertilize, so as not to grow mad.

Second, skillful panicle fertilizer. The top-dressing fertilizer that differentiates from the young ear to heading is called panicle fertilizer. It is also the second peak of nitrogen absorption. Application of panicle fertilizer can increase grain growth, promote large grains and many grains. And it can prevent greediness and lodging. There are several technical points to be made: First, the field is in good condition; the bottom is full; the morning leaves are not covered with dew, the leaves are straight at noon, and the leaves are yellowish; the third is not rainy days. Shi, sunny day grab. The application time is rice round bar period. Mushi urea 3-4 kg, and apply a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, spraying 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution per acre. 50 kilograms.

Third, Zhu Shi fertilizer. The fertilizer after heading is called grain fertilizer or strong seed fertilizer. Granular fertilizer can prolong leaf function, prevent premature aging, and increase grain weight. However, it should be noted that if the seedlings are not yellow, they will not be applied in the rainy days, but there will be diseases in the fields. To select sunny afternoon spray 1% urea solution, or 1:500 times Huimanfeng active liquid fertilizer, 50 kg per mu. For the rice fields that have already suffered from sheath blight and rice-warm disease, we must use the pesticides such as Lao K-element plant life skin, sclerotia net, iso-rice net, grain dry net, agricultural anti-120, and chlorfluazuron.