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First, the use of aluminum electrolysis multi-function unit
The aluminum electrolysis multi-functional unit is a special and key equipment for pre-baked anode aluminum electrolysis production. It can complete the following process operations of the prebaked anode aluminum electrolysis cell.
1 shelled and covered with alumina. 2 Replace the anode. 3 out of aluminum. 5 auxiliary lift anode busbar. 5 When installing and repairing the electrolyzer, the upper structure of the electrolyzer and the lower tank and other sporadic lifting can be lifted.
Second, the classification of aluminum electrolysis multi-function unit
The pre-baked trough is arranged in the electrolysis workshop in two ways: horizontal configuration and longitudinal configuration. The pre-baked trough can be divided into two-point electric inlet trough and large-face multi-point electric inlet trough according to the electric feeding mode. The rationally designed multi-point inlet trough has a good three-field distribution and good production index, so it has been widely used. At present, the horizontal configuration is mostly used in new aluminum plants; the vertical configuration is more common in foreign countries.
According to the process configuration and the need of the electrolysis tank, the aluminum electrolysis multi-functional unit can be divided into two categories: electrolysis multi-function unit and ground car.
The electrolysis multi-functional unit can be divided into two categories: full-function electrolysis multi-function unit and simple electrolysis crane according to the function. The difference mainly lies in the fact that the former has a fully automatic replacement anode device and is equipped with a shell power source, while the latter has only an anode. Lifting and lowering the mechanism, while also making aluminum.
The aluminum electrolysis multi-function unit can be divided into two types: the cab control unit and the remote control unit according to the control mode. The cab control unit is divided into high-level units and low-level units according to the configuration of the cab and tools.
The ground car has: shell-changing car, feeding car, aluminum car and so on.
Third, the technical status of aluminum electrolysis multi-function unit
At present, the aluminum electrolysis multi-function unit generally adopts lifting machinery and engineering technology, liquid pneumatic transmission technology, electronic technology and the latest scientific research results.
The electrolysis multi-functional unit generally adopts the bridge of the bridge crane as the unit mechanism, and the tool trolley, the aluminum trolley and the electric hoist are arranged on the bridge.
(1) Electromagnetic multi-function unit of walking transmission system Domestically, the French ECL low-level unit introduced from the early 1980s adopts multi-pole motor or resistance speed regulation. The first domestic low-level units used in Baotou Aluminum Plant and Qinghai Aluminum Plant are the vertical gear reducer and the double gear coupling structure. The main disadvantages are that the reducer is easy to leak oil, the concentricity is poor, and the opposite end beam Destructive and so on. In the 1990s, Guizhou Aluminum Factory changed the transmission mode of the structure to the plane two-pack worm gear transmission. The output shaft of the reducer and the wheel axle, the input shaft and the motor shaft have an integral structure, and the coupling is eliminated, and the concentricity is high. Most of the design and manufacturers of transmission systems introduced or newly produced in China in the late 1990s tend to choose imported reducers (three in one), all of which use variable frequency speed regulation.
(2) Main function of the main trolley main car: shelling and covering alumina, replacing the anode. The main car can be divided into low and high. The low-level unit is mainly used for the electric cells in the two ends. In order to facilitate the supply of power and gas supply with a slip ring device, the failure rate is high. With the development of the electrolyzer, the production of such models is becoming less and less. The high-level unit is mainly used for multi-point electric cells, the shelling mechanism and the unloading mechanism are retractable, the slip ring device is eliminated, and the rotation can be arbitrarily rotated within 270°.
(3) Aluminum trolleys There are two types of aluminum trolleys in China: one is a separate trolley structure, and the other is a tool trolley structure, that is, the lifting mechanism is located on the tool trolley, the former is more, the latter is mainly located in the simple high-position crane. on. The single aluminum trolley has two construction modes, one is a hard hook type, that is, the lifting mechanism is lifted and lowered in a fixed guiding frame, the lifting frame is limited by the guiding height, and the application function is relatively simple, but there is no swing when lifting the article. The other type is a soft hook type. There is no guide frame below the bottom of the beam of the cart. Only a guide mechanism is provided at a slight position on the bottom of the beam. Before the cart runs at high speed, the lifting items are lifted to this position to prevent the swing. Due to the high lifting height, in addition to the aluminum, it can also be used to lift other items, and the application range is relatively hard.
(4) Supply of gas source Before the 1990s, due to the influence of the quality of domestic air compressors, most of the gas sources of domestic cranes were provided by compressed air in the plant. The disadvantage is that the air ducts must be suspended during use, which is inconvenient to use. After the 1990s, Ingersoll Rand entered the Chinese market, and the Ingersoll Rand air compressor was widely used in electrolysis cranes. From the use situation in the past 10 years, the effect is better, but due to the environmental factors of the electrolysis plant, the service life is difficult to reach the design value. According to this, Ingersoll Rand developed a dust-resistant air compressor (ML37-III) specifically for the aluminum electrolysis environment, and has been put into the market, mainly used in aluminum plants such as Baotou, Henan, Yunnan, and Qingtongxia.
(5) Shelling mechanism At present, the shelling mechanism used by most aluminum plants in China is aerodynamic structure. The vibration frequency of this structure is high, but the shelling mechanism used in Yunnan and Jiaozuo aluminum plants at the beginning of this century is a full hydraulic structure. Large, low frequency, but not easy to use for low-level cranes, the main frame of the swing and head suspension is more destructive.
(6) Anode replacement device The birth of the full hydraulic replacement anode device in the late 1990s is an electrolytic cell anode replacement mechanism specially designed and manufactured for the multi-functional unit of the prebaked anode aluminum electrolysis plant to replace the early aluminum electrolysis multi-function unit. The four-button cylinder replacement anode mechanism has the advantages of accurate alignment, safe and reliable operation, and automatic anode replacement.
(7) The original design and manufacture of the crane in the cab is equipped with air-conditioning devices in the cab. However, due to the vibration during the working of the crane, the dust in the workshop is large, and the service life of the air conditioner is very short. Most of the latter has been cancelled. After the cancellation, the heating room is heated by the electric heater in the winter (mainly in the northern part), and the fan is cooled in the summer, which is extremely inconvenient for the workers. At present, most aluminum plants still support the installation of air conditioners, and the products are more imported, such as Guizhou Aluminum Factory, Pingguo Aluminum Factory, Baotou Aluminum Factory and other manufacturers.
(8) Vehicle operation At present, the crane operation of most aluminum plants in China is completed in the cab, but in recent years, the electronic and electrical technologies have developed rapidly, and advanced technology has been applied to the crane. The remote control crane is produced immediately. On the cranes made in Yunnan, Jiaozuo and other aluminum plants.
Fourth, the development direction of aluminum electrolysis multi-function unit
1. Development direction of aluminum electrolysis multi-function unit product varieties
Due to the horizontal configuration of pre-baked troughs, the output per unit area can be improved, and the comprehensive economic benefits are good. At present, most of the aluminum plants under construction in China are selected to have a trough type of more than 200 kA and multiple points of electricity. This will promote the development of aluminum electrolysis multi-function units.
At the same time, it should be noted that the special pre-baked trough and the special environment of the workshop put forward higher requirements on the reliability and operation rate of the electrolysis multi-functional unit. Due to the anti-corrosion problem of the cab glass and the high reliability air conditioner that can be suitable for the electrolysis workshop environment, the cab is in the smoke and heat radiation when the unit is working, and the driver's field of view is very bad (the high-level unit is more Poor), manual guidance on the ground, seriously affecting the operation and production efficiency.
Therefore, the most promising aluminum electrolysis multi-functional unit in the future should be: high reliability, high operation rate, lighter labor intensity, and light and small multi-functional units.
2. Technical development direction of electrolysis multi-function unit (1) Lightweight and miniaturized. (2) The function is expanded. (3) The functional mechanism is fully hydraulic. (4) Electronic. (5) Electrification. (6) The speed regulation mode adopts frequency conversion speed regulation, and the speed regulation performance is good.
(7) The control mode adopts PLC and LOGO, which can reduce the intermediate relay, reduce the failure rate, and improve the reliability and operation rate of the unit.
(8) The operation mode adopts radio remote control.
(9) Centralized lubrication of equipment.
At present, the development of the domestic aluminum industry has sprung up, and the old enterprises are constantly renovating and expanding production capacity, especially the emergence of large-scale prebaked electrolytic cells. The requirements for aluminum electrolysis multi-functional units are also getting higher and higher, and all enterprises regard advanced equipment. For the first productivity, as the primary advantage of enterprise development competition.