Geological disaster prevention and geological environment support 2017 new progress

In 2017, the China Geological Survey Bureau built a geological disaster information system and service to integrate the data collection, management and service integration by implementing the requirements of the Ministry of Land and Resources to carry out geological disaster prevention and geological environmental protection functions. Platform; systematically sort out the main activity fracture characteristics of the country, analyze the impact of active faults on major project planning and construction; compile national and 14 concentrated contiguous poverty alleviation areas, geological disasters, prone to zoning map service regional economic development; sum up four kinds of rock desertification The comprehensive management mode can be promoted and applied in the rocky desertification control of 300 counties in the southwest karst area; the regional crustal stability evaluation of the Chongli Winter Olympics site will be carried out to support the planning and construction of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games; the Qiongbei Holocene activity fault investigation The study provides geological science and technology support for the paved bridge under construction; built a national platform for integration and sharing of groundwater and land subsidence information; integrated information on groundwater quality surveys in the past 10 years; design data collection, processing, analysis, and results release functions in one Groundwater monitoring information application service system; identify the northern side of the Xingkai Lake Plain Groundwater system circulation characteristics, clarify the transnational relationship of groundwater in China; implement water quality survey of major aquifers in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Pearl River Delta, etc., provide basic data for groundwater pollution prevention and control planning; implement the “Global Karst Power System Resources and Environmental Effects” International Science Program 11 countries have responded positively; established groundwater pollution traces, trace element sampling tests, rapid evaluation and quality control systems; calculated geological carbon sinks (especially karst carbon sinks) flux to provide a basis for addressing global climate change; innovation basin Research methods for karst carbon cycle, research and development of manual intervention carbon sequestration and sinking technology.

(1) Prevention and control of geological disasters

The “five-chemical” model for the demonstration of geological disaster prevention and control in Zhen'an, Shaanxi

The “five-oriented” model includes management support stratification, intelligent data collection, diversification of monitoring methods, timely forecasting of early warning and information services, and integration of information services. This model closely focuses on the needs of local government for disaster prevention and mitigation and prevention of geological disasters. The problem relies on scientific and technological innovation and information technology to build a new model of disaster prevention and mitigation between the central and local division of labor, and promote the deep integration of administrative management and technical support for geological disaster prevention and control, and smooth the “county-city-province-national” four The level database dynamic update channel has improved the scientific and technological content of the group and the monitoring and early warning, and realized the socialization, publicization and popularization of disaster prevention and reduction. From May 25 to 26, 2017, at the national geological disaster monitoring and early warning on-site seminar, the model was fully affirmed by the relevant leaders of the Ministry of Environment and highly appraised by the provincial bureaus of land and resources.

The national geological disaster information system and service platform integrating data collection, management and service will be built, and the geological disaster database data will realize the “national-provincial-city-county” linkage update. Up to now, it has accumulated more than 340,000 geological disasters and hidden dangers in the country, and the data volume has reached more than 2T. In 2016, 117 counties (cities) completed a detailed survey database of 1:50,000 geological disasters in Hunan (29 counties in Hunan, 35 counties in Gansu, 14 counties in Ningxia, and 39 counties in Henan). The data update frequency reaches 70 counties/year, about 15,000 records/year.

Establish a geological disaster information system and service platform integrating data collection, management and service

The system sorts out the characteristics of major active faults in the country, and analyzes the impact of active faults on major engineering planning and construction.

The system sorts out the characteristics of major active faults in the country, analyzes the impact of active faults on major engineering planning and construction, and completes the “Analysis Report on the Impact of Major Active Faults on Major Projects” and the compilation of related maps.

Planning and construction of 13 high-speed railway total mileage of about 22,000 km, mileage accumulated by active faults affect the length of about 67km. 7 strategic railways such as Sichuan-Tibet (Chengdu-Lhasa), CMB (Hohhot-Urumqi-Hongqilakou Port) and Zhongjiwu (Kashi-Irkeshtan Port) are planned to be built, with a total mileage of about 10 million km. The cumulative length of the section affected by the active fault is 79.5km. The planned length of the 20 oil and gas pipelines affected by the strong active faults is 65.9km. Among the 58 large-scale hydropower stations planned and constructed, 3 dam sites are adjacent to strong active faults, and need to be optimized for site selection; one of the 18 large ports needs to pay attention to active faults.

In view of the characteristics of active faults and their impact on engineering planning and construction, it is recommended that the project planning and construction units strengthen the active fault exploration and monitoring, and take reasonable preventive measures in a targeted manner. For active faults of normal or reverse nature, at least 100-150 m should be avoided in the plain area, and at least 50 m should be avoided in the mountainous area; at least 20 m should be avoided for the strike-slip fault; for major projects that cannot be avoided and can only adopt the crossing mode, Take comprehensive measures to control and adapt to deformation to prevent engineering errors. In the alpine valley area, the evaluation of the risk of geological disasters should be strengthened, and effective measures combining avoidance and engineering management should be adopted. For tunnel projects passing through active faults, weak rock mass detection and geostress measurement should be strengthened, the shape and size of the tunnel section should be optimized, and the deformation and stress changes of surrounding rock should be monitored in real time during construction, and the combination of adaptive deformation and surrounding rock reinforcement should be adopted. Scientific measures. In basins or plain areas where active faults have a controlling effect on ground fissures, comprehensive prevention and control measures to control water harvesting, reasonable avoidance, adaptation to deformation, and local reinforcement may be adopted.

Compilation of national and 14 concentrated contiguous areas for poverty alleviation

Using the factors of topography, climate, geology, geotechnical type, hydrogeology, active faults, earthquakes, vegetation, roads and annual average rainfall, the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used to compile and publish the degree of geological disasters in the country. Zoning map; preliminary preparation of Liupanshan District, Qinba Mountain Area, Wuling Mountain Area, Wumeng Mountain Area, Guizhou-Guilin Rocky Desertification Area, West Yunnan Border Mountain Area, Daxinganling Nanzhao Mountain Area, Yanshan-Taihang Mountain Area, Luliang Mountain Area, Dabie Mountain Area, Luo The map of the geological hazard susceptibility of 14 concentrated contiguous poverty alleviation areas in Laoshan District, Tibet, Sichuan Tibetan Area and Xinjiang Southern Territory, and the related maps can further improve the scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation in the national centralized contiguous poverty alleviation area. .

Summarize four comprehensive models of rocky desertification, which can be promoted and applied in the treatment of rocky desertification in 300 counties of southwest karst area.

The survey found that the area of ​​rocky desertification in the southwest karst area decreased from 130,000 km2 in 2005 to 92,000 km2 in 2015, with an average annual reduction of 3%. Implemented comprehensive management and demonstration and promotion of typical rocky desertification areas, and established 10 demonstration zones for comprehensive implementation of rocky desertification in Pingguo County, Mashan County, Guizhou Puding County, Pingtang County and Yunnan Luxi County. Successfully promoted and applied in more than 60 counties, the annual economic benefit is about 60 billion yuan. Four kinds of rocky desertification comprehensive management modes, such as joint water and groundwater joint dispatching, land consolidation and eco-industrial coordination, land transfer and eco-tourism, and comprehensive watershed scale management, can be summarized and applied in the rocky desertification control of 300 counties in the southwest karst area. .

Distribution map of karst rocky desertification in Southwest China (2015)

Crustal Winter Olympics site regional crustal stability evaluation support service 2022 Winter Olympics planning and construction

Considering the structural stability with active faults, earthquakes, etc. as the main content, the stability of rock and soil with rock and soil engineering geological features as the main content and the ground stability with geological disasters such as collapse, landslide, debris flow and ground fissure as the main contents Sexuality, completed the evaluation of the crustal stability of the Chongli Winter Olympics site. The evaluation results show that the crustal stability of the main Winter Olympics site is stable and sub-stable, with good geological safety guarantee. The research results are winter 2022. The planning and construction of the Olympic Games provides geological technology support.

Evaluation of the crustal stability of the Chongli Winter Olympics site

The Qiongbei Holocene active fault investigation provides geological support for the paved bridge under construction

The active faults in the Pan-Pearl River Delta region are composed of the NE-trending strike-slip fault and the NE-trending strike-slip fault. The NE-trending fault is mainly the inherited activity of the old fault, and the NW-trending fault is the Cenozoic fault, controlling the Quaternary The release of volcanoes and earthquakes.

The northeast easteast of the Qiongbei-Puqian fault and the north-northwest-south-Qingyu fault are Holocene active faults. In 1605, a magnitude 7.5 earthquake occurred at the intersection of the two faults, resulting in more than 100km2 of land in the Dongzhai port area. The trapping into the sea", the active fault has an important impact on the safety of the paved bridge under construction.

The geophysical and borehole joint profile study shows that the paved-Qingyu fault controlled the formation and evolution of the Dongzhaigang mantle-type fault depression. The Dongzhaigang area has been 4~10mm/a since the 1605 Qiongshan 7.5 earthquake. The rate settlement will directly affect the stability and safety of the crust of the paved bridge. It is recommended that the design and construction unit consider the impact of active fracture.

Qiongbei North Dongdong Xiangmao - Paqian fault and north-northwest paving - Qingyi fault

(2) Groundwater resources and environment

The hydrogeological survey of concentrated contiguous destitute areas solved the drinking water difficulty for nearly 200,000 people.

In the Wumeng Mountainous Area, the Yimeng Mountainous Area, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia, the Guizhou-Guizhou Area, and the Jiangxi Southern Revolutionary Area, a 1:50,000 hydrogeological survey was carried out. From 2016 to the present, the survey area was 120,000 km2, and the cumulative drilling footage was 53360 m. Combined with more than 170 eyes, it solved the difficulty of drinking water for nearly 200,000 people in the local area. Found in lithium-rich southern Jiangxi revolutionary base areas, strontium-rich natural mineral water, mineral water for the local government to build the characteristics of the industry to provide support. In Wu Mengshan Suijiang drilled geothermal water, the maximum amount of water up to 1440m3 / d, the water temperature reached 42 ℃, 6 indicators to achieve water quality requirements of medical mineral to provide effective protection for the local development of Tourism.

Water seeing service demonstration service in Xixia Village, Shantou Township, Xingguo County, Ganzhou

National Groundwater Monitoring Project

As of September 18, 2017, 19 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) completed the construction of groundwater monitoring sites. The cumulative drilling footage is 682,339m, accounting for 99% of the total footage of the project; 9511 monitoring stations have been built, accounting for 95% of the total number of engineering sites, and all site construction tasks will be completed before the end of the year.

Groundwater monitoring site

Established a national platform for information integration and sharing of groundwater and land subsidence

Establish a national platform for information integration and sharing of groundwater and land subsidence. The system uses the unstructured data generated by the “Hydrological Geology Survey” and the “Ground Settlement Survey” as the basic data source, and builds the overall framework on the domestic MAPGISK9 platform, which seamlessly interfaces with the “Day Map” network geographic base map, and gradually realizes the right : Management and sharing services for spatial data such as 200,000 and 1:50,000. The groundwater survey database, the groundwater dynamic monitoring database and the ground subsidence survey monitoring database were further improved.

The data collection of hydrogeology/land subsidence survey data from the 1960s to 2014 was completed in two batches, with a total catalogue of 49,079; completed groundwater investigation and land subsidence in the main plains (basins) of the north. In the survey and monitoring field, the full text of the results, the summary of the results and the progress of the catalogue structure, template preparation and warehousing workload, the cumulative completion of the above results data archives data into the library more than 40; completed 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in 2013 Since the national level groundwater monitoring points have been put into storage, the total amount of warehousing data records includes: basic information table of more than 5,000 national monitoring wells, 268,000 long-term monitoring records, each data record contains 12 months of monitoring values; The basic information of the settlement survey monitoring points is included in the warehouse, including 142 sets of GPS monitoring points, 2 sets of bedrock monitoring points, 2 sets of stratified standard monitoring points, 5 sets of base station monitoring points, and the latest ground subsidence survey monitoring data for 2014-2015. (including InSAR monitoring); completed 1:50000, 1:100,000, 1:200, 1:250,000, 1:500,000, 1:100,000 standard sizing and chart space data storage, each ratio

The long-term accumulated data and research results of groundwater investigation and monitoring have effectively supported the planning of sustainable development and utilization of groundwater in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River economic belt and coastal zone.

Designing a groundwater monitoring information application service system integrating data receiving, processing, analysis and results release functions

The groundwater monitoring data receiving and equipment management subsystem developed adopts the mobile Internet of Things platform. The groundwater monitoring equipment is connected to the information system through the mobile VPDN virtual private network. VPDN uses a dedicated network security and communication protocol to establish a relatively secure virtual network on the mobile network. The private network fundamentally solves the problems of poor stability and low number of concurrency when transmitting monitoring data by ordinary mobile network in the past.

The designed “Private Cloud” platform for groundwater monitoring relies on on-demand infrastructure resources such as computing, networking, and storage to provide IT infrastructure resources for both provincial and provincial business applications through cloud platforms deployed in national groundwater data centers. And in the process of resource allocation, logical isolation, to achieve IT infrastructure resource sharing, while interconnecting and collaborative work between business system cluster subsystems. Designed groundwater comprehensive analysis subsystem to apply high-performance cloud computing, big data storage and virtualization technology efficient, reasonable, analytical, 3D visualization and GIS technology, through groundwater drilling, geology through automated, semi-automated 3D geological modeling The module's three-dimensional visualization, analysis, extraction, information generation and other functions, through the integration of hydrogeological method system to achieve groundwater dynamic analysis, dynamic ginseng, water quantity assessment, groundwater quality assessment, hydrogeological problems analysis and forecasting functions, etc., to facilitate business personnel to comprehensively apply data Results.

National Groundwater Quality Status Map

Conduct water quality surveys of major aquifers in areas such as Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei to provide basic data for aquifer protection

Conduct water quality surveys of major aquifers in areas such as loose aquifers in front of the Taihang Mountains in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and provide basic data for regional groundwater pollution prevention and control planning. Through dynamic monitoring, isotope techniques and multivariate statistical techniques, the sources of nitrate pollution in loose aquifers in the Taihang Mountains of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei are analyzed, and the contribution rate of nitrates from various sources is quantitatively analyzed. The groundwater nitrate source analysis technology is established as groundwater. Nitrate prevention provides the direction of work.

Establish groundwater pollution traces, trace element sampling test, rapid evaluation and quality control system

Construct a new rapid analysis system for multi-indicator organic pollution detection in groundwater survey, including P&T-GC-MS analysis method for 54 volatile organic pollutants in groundwater, GC-MS analysis method for 94 non-polar and weakly polar pesticides in groundwater, groundwater 42 kinds of semi-volatile GC-MS organic pollutants, 44 kinds of polar pesticides and multi-residue LC-MS-MS analysis methods in groundwater, and 110 kinds of semi-volatile organic pollution detection methods in groundwater. The number of organic pollution detection targets has increased from 37 to 344, greatly improving the detection capability of organic pollutants.

Organic pollution detection target increase

Implemented the International Science Program of “Global Karst Power System Resources and Environmental Effects” and received positive responses from 11 countries.

On November 14, 2016, the launching ceremony of the “International Karst Power System Resource Environmental Effect” International Science Program was successfully held. On January 14, more than 70 Chinese and foreign scientists and experts from the karst field gathered in Guilin to jointly launch the International Science Program for Global Karst Dynamic System Resources and Environmental Effects at the Institute of Karst Geology of the China Geological Survey of Guilin. Member of the Party Group of the Ministry of Land and Resources, Director of the China Geological Survey, Secretary of the Party Group Zhong Ning, Li Bin, Vice Chairman of the Autonomous Region CPPCC, Chief Engineer of the Ministry of Land and Resources, Chairman of the International Karst Center Council, Peng Qiming, and UNESCO Representative Hans Sousp Cheng Qiu-ming, President of the International Union of Geological Sciences, and Aditya Surinkum, Secretary General of the East Asia and Southeast Asia Geosciences Planning Coordination Committee, attended the launching ceremony and spoke separately. Yuan Daoxian, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Lu Yaoru, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, attended the launching ceremony. The meeting read a congratulatory letter from Minister of Land and Resources Jiang Daming. Jiang Daming said in his congratulatory letter that the "International Karst Dynamic System Resource Environmental Impact" International Science Program is a practical action to deepen the practical cooperation between China and relevant countries in the field of earth sciences, to optimize the human living environment, promote global sustainable development, and effectively reduce The poor are of great significance.

(3) Responding to global climate change

Calculate the flux of geological carbon sinks (especially karst carbon sinks) to provide a basis for addressing global climate change

Through the implementation of the 2016 “Enhanced Environmental Geological Survey of Carbon Cycle in the Karst Basin of the Yangtze River, the Pearl River and the Yellow River”, combined with the comprehensive study of historical data, a conceptual model of carbon cycle in the karst dynamic system of the basin scale was established.

The model clarifies the migration process of carbon in large watershed from “inorganic carbon→organic carbon→endogenous organic carbon”, which strongly answers the question of “stability of chemical weathering carbon sinks in carbonates in geological carbon sinks”. The basis for calculation of carbon sink flux and model research will help to enhance China's authority in the measurement of karst carbon sinks and expand China's right to speak at climate change conferences.

During the geological history, the formation process of carbonate rock played an important role in the reduction of atmospheric CO2 concentration, which reduced the earth's paleo-atmospheric CO2 concentration from more than 25% to the current 0.03%-0.04%. The carbon stored in the carbonate rock is as high as 61×1015t, accounting for 99.5% of the global carbon storage. The dissolution and weathering process of carbonate rock in karst dynamic system actively participates in the global carbon cycle and is sensitive to environmental climate change. The carbon sink flux formed by dissolution of carbonate rock is as high as 0.36~0.44PgC/a, which is from 1990 to 2007. The annual average annual global forest carbon sink is 32.73%~40% of 1.1PgC/a, which is 45%-55% of the net flux of soil organic carbon pool.

Conceptual model of carbon cycle in karst watershed

Innovative watershed karst carbon cycle research method, research and development of manual intervention carbon sequestration and sinking technology

Focusing on the global scale, aiming at solving major resource and environmental problems, in-depth study and systematically summarizing the mutual feedback mechanism and dynamic cyclic evolution of carbon, water and calcium in the karst area in the multi-circle of the earth (atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and lithosphere) Mechanism, the theory of karst dynamics was created. It provides theoretical guidance for effectively solving major resource and environmental problems in karst areas, and has been widely recognized by the international community, leading the international karst theory research. In recent years, the theory has also provided technical guidance for global climate change research.

The international community mainly studies the macroscopic process of karst carbon cycle from a global scale. Its carbon sink effect evaluation method focuses on input and output items. The evaluation object is only inorganic carbon. The intermediate cycle process is rarely studied, and the factors are few and the precision is low. This project studies the karst carbon cycle at the basin level and pays attention to the whole process of the cycle. The evaluation targets include organic carbon and inorganic carbon, and the evaluation accuracy is improved by more than 50% compared with the international community. The international community mainly uses carbonate rocks directly for simple human intervention in carbon sequestration and sinking. This project has developed four kinds of artificial intervention carbon sequestration and sinking technologies for land vegetation, soil improvement, introduction of exogenous water and submerged plants, and its carbon sequestration capacity has increased by more than 10 times.

Structural diagram of water resources evaluation for karst underground river system

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