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[China Agricultural Machinery Industry News] With the increasing frequency of plant protection drones appearing in the public eye, how efficient is it, can it really replace the traditional ground plant protection machinery? What kind of plant protection drone is Which kind of flight control mode is suitable for China's rural market? It is more in line with actual demand. According to industry insiders, in order to achieve a broad user base in the rural market and truly achieve breakthrough development, there are two pain points to be solved in the plant protection drone: Cost and technology.
Cost and technology into two pain points for plant protection drones
How high is the efficiency?
As we all know, in the past, the prevention and control of pests and diseases in rural areas mainly used manual knapsack sprayers, or the use of some ground machinery, in which manual drugs accounted for a large proportion. According to the data provided by the Nanjing Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture, there are about 35 varieties of manual plant protection machines in rural China, and the social reserves are about 5,807,900, which is responsible for more than 70% of the national crop disease, insect and grass control areas.
On-the-spot plant protection machinery, especially manual medical equipment, has relatively low operational efficiency. According to data provided by the Ministry of Agriculture, the effective utilization rate of ground machinery pesticides is only 35%. Among them, the effective utilization rate of pesticides for manual sprayers is only 30%, the effective utilization rate of pesticides for motorized sprayers is about 55%, the effective utilization rate of pesticides for spray nozzle sprayers is 50%, and the effective utilization rate of stretcher sprayers is 15%.
China's annual pest and disease control area is nearly 9 billion mu, and the task of prevention and treatment is extremely heavy. The market is in urgent need of a new type of plant protection mode, and the emergence of drones is a complete subversion of ground mechanical drugs.
Xue Xinyu, a researcher at the Nanjing Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that the efficiency of plant protection drones is 100 times that of manual hand-held sprayers, and the efficiency is very high.
Xue Xinyu said that the plant protection drone has a wide adaptability and can work in areas where ground equipment is difficult to access, such as paddy fields, corn, woodland, wetlands, etc.; compared with the ground equipment field operations, there will be no seals and Damage to crops; can work in mixed areas of human settlements and farmland.
From the actual effect of the operation, since the UAV adopts an ultra-low-volume spray method, the adhesion is improved, and the under-washing airflow generated by the rotor blows the blade to improve the adhesion rate of the liquid in the lower part of the crop and the back of the blade, and the control effect is compared with the conventional one. The application of the medicine is increased by 15% to 35%, which helps to improve the quality of the plant protection operation. Especially in dealing with the prevention and control effects of sudden and explosive pests and diseases, the drone is obviously superior to the ground machinery.
Why is the plant protection machine small?
It is understood that Japan's economic development in the 1960s and 1970s is similar to that of the present China. A large number of young and middle-aged people are working in cities, and the rural labor force is seriously lacking. At that time, in the Japanese countryside, it was difficult to find people even if they went to high prices to find someone to fight drugs. So Japan began to work in the field with small drones.
He Xiongkui, a professor at China Agricultural University, said that rice is a large proportion of crops in China, Japan and South Korea: 51.12% in China, 48.62% in Japan, and 52.35% in South Korea. The main rice producing areas in Japan and China are terraced small plots. Even the 10,000-acre land in northeastern China or the rice-producing area in Xinjiang, although the total production area is large, because of the need for irrigation and avoiding uneven irrigation, rice is planted in the same height, the earth. The block is thus split into a number of small pieces. Plant protection for small plots, small drones have the inherent advantages of flexibility and easy handling.
"Small drones do not need a special airport, and almost any ground can take off, upload and download can be. And the efficiency is very high, can be applied in one minute and one mu, ultra-low dosage." He Xiongkui said that the plant protection drone is suitable Small, the medicine box is better than 20 kg. “When the medicine box exceeds 20 kg, the size of the plant protection drone will be enlarged by 1.6 times for each additional kilogram of load. The larger the aircraft, the higher the production cost, which is not practical for the field operation cost.â€
He Xiukui said that his research team had tested in the experimental field of Chinese hybrid rice breeding expert Yuan Longping and evaluated 13 domestic unmanned aircraft. Facts have proved that large helicopters are not practical for the current plant protection work in rural China.
Is it a good flight?
The flight control mode of the plant protection drone is fully automatic, semi-automatic or manual, and the industry has been divided.
In this regard, He Xiongkui said that in the Asian region, Japanese drone technology is very advanced. However, Japan's plant protection drones do not use automatic remote control, but use some semi-automatic or even manual.
"Because there is no need to use automatic remote control, every time I use the drone to do agricultural plant protection, it is not the height of people who want to fly high, mainly depending on meteorological conditions, wind speed, temperature, humidity, etc." He Xiokui said. In the future, China's flight Control System, how to establish flight parameters is very important, can not rely on GPS and Beidou system to solve the problem.
Also holding the same opinion is Wuxi Hanhe Aviation Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Wuxi Hanhe). Wuxi Hanhe adopts the same semi-automatic control method as Yamaha Corporation of Japan. Wuxi Hanhe said that the market value of plant protection drones is to make farmers profitable, while the price of fully automatic unmanned aircraft is higher, and the requirements for operating technology are also higher.
Wuxi Hanhe pointed out that at present, the land parcels in rural China are generally small, and the working environment is complex. The work of collecting obstacle information is very heavy and technically difficult. In addition, the safe radius and the refilling process reserved for avoiding GPS errors make it even more difficult to use fully automatic drones.
On this issue, Xue Xinyu put forward his own opinion: "I think the autonomous flight of plant protection drones is particularly important."
Xue Xinyu said that the human eye will have an error in the judgment of the line of sight, which will lead to inaccurate flight position of the drone. With autonomous flight, the route and degree have improved. “I couldn’t do this before because sensor technology didn’t pass, but with the current level of technology, many companies can achieve full autonomous flight at a height of 1 meter, and progress is fast.â€
It can be seen that the choice of using autonomous flying drones for field operations cannot be generalized. First, we must look at cost control, whether farmers can accept it; second, we must see whether it is large-scale planting, and the actual operating environment; third, we must see whether the company can keep up with technological innovation and progress, and the trial effect of using new technologies to control costs.
(Original title: Which two hurdles must be crossed to replace the ground plant protection machinery drone?)