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In the petrochemical industry, chemical process pumps play a crucial role as essential auxiliary equipment, and their importance continues to grow. With the complexity of chemical media and the increasing demands from users, manufacturers must pay close attention to key factors when selecting the right pump for specific applications. This article aims to summarize some practical insights based on the company’s product features and personal experience in chemical pump selection, hoping to provide useful guidance for colleagues in the field.
One of the most critical aspects in chemical pump selection is **corrosion resistance**. Corrosion is one of the leading causes of equipment failure, often resulting in costly damage or even serious accidents. According to statistics, about 60% of chemical equipment failures are due to corrosion. Therefore, material selection is the first and most important step. It's a common misconception that stainless steel is universally suitable for all chemical environments, which can be extremely dangerous. Let’s look at some typical media and their recommended materials:
1. **Sulfuric Acid**: For concentrations above 80% and temperatures below 80°C, carbon steel and cast iron may work, but they are not ideal for high-speed flow. Stainless steels like 304 or 316 have limited use. High-silicon cast iron or high-alloy stainless steels (e.g., 20 alloy) are better options. Fluoroplastic pumps (such as F46) offer an economical solution. The company offers IHF-lined pumps, PF/FS corrosion-resistant centrifugal pumps, and CQB-F fluoroplastic magnetic pumps.
2. **Hydrochloric Acid**: Most metals, including stainless steels, are not resistant. Non-metallic materials like rubber or plastic (e.g., polypropylene, fluoroplastic) are preferred. The company provides IHF-lined fluorine pumps, PF/FS strong corrosion-resistant pumps, and CQ polypropylene or fluoroplastic magnetic pumps.
3. **Nitric Acid**: Stainless steels are generally suitable, but molybdenum-containing grades like 316 may perform worse than standard ones. For high-temperature nitric acid, titanium or titanium alloys are recommended. The company offers DFL(W)H, DFL(W)PH shielded pumps, and other models.
4. **Acetic Acid**: Ordinary steel corrodes easily, while stainless steels like 316 are more resistant. For high-temperature or concentrated acetic acid, high-alloy stainless steels or fluoroplastic pumps are recommended.
5. **Alkalis (e.g., Sodium Hydroxide)**: Low-temperature and low-concentration solutions can use cast iron or ordinary steel. For higher temperatures, titanium or high-alloy stainless steels are better choices. The company provides various stainless steel or fluoroplastic pumps for such applications.
6. **Ammonia (Ammonium Hydroxide)**: Most metals and non-metals show minimal corrosion, except copper and its alloys. The company’s products are well-suited for ammonia transport.
7. **Saline (Seawater)**: Carbon steel corrodes quickly, so protective coatings or 316 stainless steel are commonly used. Many companies opt for 316 pumps.
8. **Alcohols, Ketones, Esters, Ethers**: These are generally non-corrosive. However, sealing materials should be chosen carefully, as many rubbers are incompatible with these substances.
Beyond corrosion, **cooling requirements** also vary depending on the temperature of the medium. For temperatures below 120°C, cooling systems may not be necessary. For higher temperatures, special cooling chambers or mechanical seals are required. The company offers a range of pumps for different temperature ranges, including high-temperature magnetic pumps and process pumps.
**Sealing** is another critical aspect. Magnetic pumps and shielded pumps are widely used for their leak-free performance, but challenges remain in terms of durability and reliability. Static seals typically use O-rings, while dynamic seals rely on mechanical seals. Balanced or double-end seals are used for high-pressure or hazardous media.
Lastly, **viscosity** significantly affects pump performance. As viscosity increases, head and efficiency decrease, while power consumption rises. For viscous media like pulp or paste, screw pumps are recommended. The company’s DFGG single-screw pump can handle media with viscosities up to 1,000,000 cSt.
This summary highlights the importance of careful material selection, proper cooling, and reliable sealing in chemical pump design. Every application has unique requirements, and it’s essential to consult technical data or experienced engineers before making a final decision.