Fertilization Technology for Safe Vegetable Production

1, the choice of fertilizer

The types and types of fertilizers that do not have adverse effects on the environment and the nutrition and quality of vegetables should be selected. The types and types of fertilizers that can be applied in safe vegetable production can include the following: Organic fertilizers include farmyard manures and commodity organic fertilizers, and farm manures include compost, mud, cake, manure, biogas, green manure, crop stalks, and the like. The compost should be in accordance with NY/T 394-2000 "High-temperature Composting Sanitary Standards." Commodity organic fertilizers shall comply with NY/T 5018 "Standard for Permissible Content of Contaminant in Organic Fertilizers". Microbial fertilizers include humic acid fertilizers, rhizobia fertilizers, potassium bacterial fertilizers, phosphorus bacterial fertilizers, and composite microbial fertilizers. The number of viable microbial organisms must meet the requirements of 4.1 in the “Microbial Fertilizer” (NY227), and the hygienic indicators must meet the requirements of the “Integrated Products in Harm Index” of NY227. Inorganic mineral fertilizers include inorganic nitrogen fertilizers, mineral potassium fertilizers, and mineral phosphate fertilizers. Inorganic nitrogen fertilizer should be selected for application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer or urea; phosphorus, potassium fertilizer should be in line with NY/T394-2000 health standards, in which phosphate fertilizer promotes the use of calcined phosphate, impurity control indicators are: 1% P2O5, As ≤ 0.004%, Cd ≤ 0.01%, Pb ≤ 0.002%; potassium fertilizer advocates the use of potassium sulphate, impurity control indicators: each containing 1% K2O, As ≤ 0.004%, Cl ≤ 3%, H2SO4 ≤ 0.5%. The trace elements in the calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, boron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese and other trace elements in single-element or several elements of fertilizer preparation.

2. Reasonable application of fertilizer

(1) The application of organic fertilizers to organic fertilizers should not only be sufficient, but also be harmless. NY/T 394-2000 “Guidelines for the Application of Green Food and Fertilizers” requires the production of safe vegetables. Organic fertilizers (such as compost, manure, manure, and biogas fertilizers) that are formally recommended for the production of safe vegetables and have been thoroughly decomposed (harmlessly treated) should be used. Green manure, crop stalks, mud manure, cake manure, etc.) The use of unripe organic fertilizers is strictly prohibited.

(2) Reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizers The use of ammonium nitrogen fertilizers and urea should be given priority in safe vegetable production. Nitrification nitrogen fertilizers are generally not recommended. Production should be based on production indicators, determine the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer to obtain high yield and quality vegetables. The use of nitrogen fertilizers should be preceded by “light and heavy” measures, in which 1/3 is used for basic application and 2/3 is used for topdressing. Leafy vegetables, roots and other one-time harvested vegetables should be executed for not less than 30 days. Security interval. In order to reduce and control the nitrate content of vegetables, nitrogen inhibitors such as dicyandiamide can be used to inhibit the activity of soil digestion bacteria, so as to reduce the accumulation of nitrate in soil and vegetables.

(3) Balanced fertilization Carry out balanced fertilization for vegetables, change the traditional blind fertilization into quantitative and scientific fertilization, fully increase the utilization rate of fertilizers and vegetable yield, improve the quality of vegetable products, and improve the economic, ecological and social benefits of fertilization. Realize the best benefits with the least investment. Do a reasonable combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium, magnesium, and various trace element fertilizers to maintain a proper ratio between various nutrients to achieve full price nutrition, avoid excessive accumulation of nitrate in vegetable products.

(4) Appropriate application of biological fertilizers to biological fertilizers, including biological bacteria and bio-organic fertilizers, such as rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-resolving bacteria, and several fungi. Fertilizer can help increase the nutrient efficiency of nutrients in the soil and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers. Under the action of microorganisms, the nutrients needed to produce and decompose vegetable crops can supply nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and can supply crops such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, cobalt. More than ten kinds of trace elements in silicon, silicon, etc., and the release of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are regulated by microorganisms and can satisfactorily meet the balance requirements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements in vegetable crops. Long-term application can achieve the effect of land-use and land-use combination, increase soil organic matter content year by year, change soil physical and chemical properties, and significantly increase the comprehensive effect of water, fertilizer, gas, and heat in soil. The longer it takes, the more soil fertility increases production. More and more, it is a virtuous and sustainable cycle, but it is also a technical measure that can reduce the nitrate content in vegetables while maintaining the high yield of vegetables.

(5) Apply scientific fertilization methods to apply basic measures and fertilize the limited amount of fertilization. Use chemical fertilizer as a base fertilizer for deep application, as top-dressing, try to “snack snacks”, it is best to mix chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer and apply it to the ground, and then perform ploughing. Topdressing is generally difficult to apply. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control multiple fertilization. Rather, it is preferable to increase the frequency of top dressing in order to meet the demand of vegetables for nutrients. It is not possible to apply too much fertilizer at a time, causing the vegetable body to become yellow and plastic. 6 provinces, 6 provinces, 4 provinces, 4 provinces, 5 provinces